Targeted first-line therapy for *H. pylori* using genotypic resistance testing significantly improved eradication rates (77% to 93%) and reduced clarithromycin (36% to 22%) and levofloxacin (39% to 32%) resistance over time. Pharmacist-led interventions further boosted success. Personalized treatment was shown to improve outcomes and help curb rising antibiotic resistance.

At 24 weeks, P-CABs showed superior remission rates in erosive esophagitis (EE) versus PPIs (OR = 2.301; *p* = 0.009), especially in severe cases (LA grade C/D: OR = 2.526; *p* = 0.001). Even in mild cases (A/B), P-CABs outperformed PPIs (OR = 1.442; *p* = 0.034). Overall, P-CABs offer more effective long-term healing in EE.

The diabetes burden in India has upsurged alarmingly with a 62% increase in incidence from 1990 to 2021 (162.74 to 264.53/ 100,000). Projections hint that diabetes prevalence would reach 8585.45/ 100,000, with DALYs surpassing 1241.57/ 100,000. An all-inclusive approach for systematic screening & timely clinical management is critical for effective diabetes control & management, especially in high-burden states.

Low-grade inflammation and elevated remnant cholesterol corresponded with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and all-cause mortality in individuals with impaired renal function. Specifically, those with both high C-reactive protein and high remnant cholesterol faced the highest risk of MI (HR 1.39), ASCVD (HR 1.33), and mortality (HR 1.20).

The BedMed trial confirmed no major difference in cardiovascular events (2.4 vs. 2.3 per 100 patient years) or mortality between morning and bedtime antihypertensive medication dosing. In 3357 adults followed for 4.6 years, the hospitalization rate was similar with no increased risk of falls, fractures, glaucoma, or cognitive decline—supporting patient-led timing preference.

A nationwide Longitudinal Ageing Study uncovered stark gender- and age-based differences in chronic disease burden among older Indians (≥ 45). Women ≥70 had higher odds of hypertension (aOR 1.44) and bone/joint diseases (aOR 1.55), while those in 45-69 had a lower risk of diabetes, stroke, and chronic heart disease. Contrarily, older men faced greater risk of stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and high cholesterol.