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Recent updates in endometriosis management (FOGSI-ICOG) include medical and surgical options. First-line treatments are NSAIDs, combined oral contraceptives (COCs), and progestogens (Dienogest, LNG-IUD). GnRH agonists/antagonists are second-line with add-back therapy. Aromatase inhibitors are third-line for resistant cases. Surgery is for severe or refractory cases, aiming to remove lesions while preserving function.
Nebulization therapy uses jet, ultrasonic, and mesh nebulizers based on drug formulation and patient needs. Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mucolytics, and antimicrobials are common for ventilated patients. Jet nebulizers are ideal for prolonged treatments with unstable drugs, while ultrasonic nebulizers offer efficient aerosol delivery. Mesh nebulizers provide precise dosing. Proper cleaning is key to safety.
A Swedish study of over 36,000 patients revealed that individuals with venous thromboembolism (VTE) on direct oral anticoagulants experience a higher risk of major bleeding in the first six months of treatment (1.07% vs. 0.29% in controls). The greatest risk of bleeding was observed in women and senior adults. Beyond six months of treatment, the bleeding risk declined and remained consistent across age and sex.
A study found that self-reported taste loss from early adulthood to mid-to-late adulthood was associated with 47% greater risk of mortality (HR: 1.47). Loss of salt and sour taste was particularly linked to increased risk, with bitterness decline seen only in females and sourness in males. Notably, this effect persisted even in those with normal smell function, highlighting taste loss as a potential health marker.
A study found that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had elevated serum ferritin (SF) levels in the first and second trimesters along with increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers. Higher SF levels in early pregnancy were associated with a two-fold increased risk of developing GDM (OR = 2.024). Other contributing factors included BMI, maternal age and familial history of diabetes.