The updated guidelines recognize the limitations of BMI alone in diagnosing obesity and recommend a multidimensional approach incorporating body fat assessment (e.g., DEXA, waist ratios) and evaluation of organ dysfunction or functional limitations. Obesity is classified as clinical or preclinical, with management centered on prevention, personalization, and functional health outcomes

This new IDF Global Clinical Practice Recommendations for Managing Type 2 Diabetes – 2025 provide healthcare professionals with contemporary framework for effective management of diabetes. The recommendations are based on the review of the latest therapeutic and technological evidence.

A 16-week randomized controlled trial involving overweight or obese patients with MASLD showed that time-restricted eating (TRE) reduced hepatic steatosis by 25.8%—comparable to calorie restriction (CR, 24.7%) and significantly better than standard care (0.7%). Both TRE & CR improved body weight and fat mass, with no changes in liver stiffness and glucose homeostasis. No serious adverse events were reported.

Among adolescents, particularly girls, iron deficiency (ID) without anemia (serum ferritin <15 ng/mL) correlated with reduced iron content in basal ganglia (BG)—caudate and putamen. These changes worsened with age in females, and lower BG susceptibility was linked to changes in brain volume, severe psychiatric symptoms, and poorer cognitive performance, highlighting the need for closer monitoring & early intervention...

Recent data from 70,701 breast cancer survivors unveiled a modestly lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to cancer-free controls (SHR 0.92). The lower risk was more evident in those aged ≥65 years (SHR 0.92). Radiation therapy was associated with a decreased AD risk (aHR 0.77), though this protective effect did not persist after 5 years of survival.

A recent study spotlighted sex-specific risk differences in T2DM patients. Analyzing 4,923 patients, women exhibited a 39% lower risk of mortality, a 50% lower risk of major macrovascular events, & a 42% lower risk of cancer compared to men. However, they had twice the odds of fracture risk (HR 2.04). Microvascular event risk was comparable, absolute risk differences between sexes escalated with age for cancer & frac...