Excess weight affects women’s fertility and pregnancy outcomes, raising risks of miscarriage, stillbirth, GDM, hypertension, and PPH. Later in life, it increases cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, and liver disease risks. Breastfeeding reduces postpartum weight and chronic disease. FIGO guidelines and nutrition checklists support health professionals in managing weight-related health impacts across women’s lifespans.

In 701 DPP participants with T2D, younger-onset was linked to higher FPG, BMI, DBP, lower HDL, smaller BP/lipid improvements, and rising HbA1c over 7.9 years. Older-onset had higher SBP, lower eGFR, and stable glycaemia. Younger-onset were more often on glucose-lowering drugs. Findings highlight worse metabolic progression in early-onset T2D despite better renal and BP profiles.

Analysis of the APEAL study involving 4141 Indian adolescents revealed that 4% had asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). The risk was higher among younger adolescents (OR 1.48) and those exposed to higher PM2.5 levels (OR 1.83 for 64.1–124.8 μg/m³), further rising above 124 μg/m³. Mumbai (5.6%) reported the highest prevalence. Underweight status was tied to a higher risk of airflow limitation.

A meta-analysis of 91 studies highlighted a higher prevalence of hypertension (20.35%) in childhood and young adult cancer survivors. The rates increased from 16.60% in 10 years to 17.48% at 10–20 years and 32.12% after 20 years. Survivors of kidney tumors showed the highest prevalence compared to other cancer types. The risk began to increase soon after treatment and persisted over time.

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs)—including T2DM, heart disease, and stroke—raised the risk of dementia, latest Biobank data revealed. Individuals with CMDs had over twice the risk of dementia (HR 2.27), three times the risk of vascular dementia (HR 3.70), and a 49% higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The risk was pronounced in those under 60 or in women. Glucose and hemoglobin A1c mediated 9-12% of this risk.

Recent evidence showed that childhood adversity amplifies the risk of both psychological distress and obesity in early adulthood. Each additional adverse experience before 16 increased the odds of psychological distress by 11%, obesity by 5%, and mental-physical comorbidity by 16% at age 30. The strongest link was seen for co-occurring conditions, but adolescent lifestyle factors did not moderate this link.