Neonatal invasive candidiasis is estimated to be 5-10 per 100,000 live births in lower- and middle-income countries. Among neonates weighing < 1kg, incidence was 7-9% with 20% mortality. Candida albicans was most prevalent, followed by C. parapsilosis and C. auris (notably in India). Fluconazole resistance was low in C. albicans but higher in C. parapsiloris. Echinocandins was underused due to poor availability.

Malaria vaccines RTS,S and R21 are WHO-recommended for endemic regions, reducing malaria burden and mortality. Pilot programs proved safety and impact, with 20+ countries scaling up. Clesrovimab, a monoclonal antibody for RSV, showed strong, consistent protection—especially against severe disease—in infants across age and weight groups, with a safety profile similar to placebo.

Patients ≤65 years with severe aortic stenosis treated by transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) experienced higher 3-year all-cause mortality (35%) versus matched controls (8%, HR 6.5). Patients with active chronic diseases such as chronic heart failure, COPD, or dialysis had increased mortality risk (HR 1.8-2.4), while those with prior inactive conditions also showed elevated risk (HR 6.8–24.7).